Marketing Control and Marketing Standardization Strategies Integrated

Government and Media in Cuba Essay

In the middle of the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean lies the island of Cuba. It is a little island with an all out land region of 110,860 square km, yet it is so ground-breaking enough to grab the eye of United States and to fortify its safety efforts. The nation was first controlled by the Spanish government and its history was set apart by unrests and uprising. At last, in 1902, through the intercession of the US government, Cuba accomplished its freedom from the Spanish principle. Be that as it may, the decree of autonomy didn't end the uprising and insubordinate exercises in light of the fact that the nation was not liberated from initiative of defilement and military-rule. The genuine autonomy, as perceived and celebrated by Cubans, was accomplished when Fidel Castro got to work. Fidel Castro was the pioneer of radical armed force that has been battling the degenerate government and set up a socialist type of government. At present, Cuba is under the standard of Castro and the state stays to be a socialist government having three branches in particular; the head of state, administrative and legal executive. General Raul Castro as of now holds the head of state which is contained Council of State and Council of Ministers (â€Å"The World Factbook†). On the monetary perspective, the ban that has been forced upon the nation has not yet been lifted. At present, Venezuela is the fundamental accomplice of the nation and the principle wellspring of its oil needs. The expectation for everyday comforts additionally stayed low because of the ban and discontinuance of outside guides from a few nations (â€Å"The World Factbook†). Be that as it may, it has rural, exchanging, modern and assembling ventures where it sources out its monetary and money related requirements. Starting at July of the current year, the nation is involved by a gauge of 11,451,652 individuals having diverse racial plummet including Africans, Spanish, Westerns and Asians (â€Å"The World Factbook†). Notwithstanding changes that have been presented in the nation, there are still issues that have been disturbing the country and even its residents. Through its socialist type of government, numerous exercises were barely practiced by the residents in view of government concealment. The most stifled and observed action is the statement of one’s considerations and thoughts. The option to communicate one’s self is being abridged by the legislature particularly when it contains thoughts that are against the administration. The job of media is to secure the legislature as it is established distinctly to voice out words that the administration wants to hear. In spite of the pretended by media in numerous nations, the Cuban media doesn't fill in as the voice and defender of the individuals from the administration however as a partner of the state. The treatment of the media individuals is additionally detestable according to the global network and of the writers themselves. Thus, this paper will introduce the relationship of the media and government just as the job it plays in the nation. Associative to that is the life of columnists under the socialist administration of Cuba. Job of Media has been perceived as irreplaceable device in correspondence. Broad communications, as characterized, is â€Å"the mechanical methods for sending data, thoughts, feeling, and so on through the mass specialized gadget to a various audience† (â€Å"Impact of Media on Culture†). Different methods utilized by broad communications in transmitting data viably and quickly incorporates TV, radio, papers, magazines, and web. Prominently, web has been the most liked and perfect methods for broad communications in light of its capacity of contacting a more extensive crowd and is carelessly observed. Moreover, web is most favored on the grounds that it doesn't expect calling to empower any person to communicate their thoughts. Among different countries, broad communications is perceived as the fourth branch of the administration on account of the job it plays in the political and social viewpoint. The broad communications for the most part fills in the hole between the legislature and the individuals. It voices out the assessments or musings of the individuals to the legislature while it additionally brings to the individuals the assumptions and plans of the administration for the nation. In certain examples, broad communications turns into a guard dog against government misuses and exercises that are unquestionably out of reason. Moreover, broad communications has persistently become the wellspring of data about things, people, spots, and occasions, among others. Because of the essential job of broad communications in the general public, it should be free and not constrained by any individual or office nor can be managed by the administration. Rather, it ought to be free so as to appropriately do its goal. Aside from that, it ought not be controlled to guarantee its unbiasedness and nonpartisan job. Authentic Background of Media in Cuba The age of broad communications in Cuba can be followed back during the Spanish system. The history likewise of the country’s press has experienced five periods (Browning). The Colonial time frame which expressed from 1723 to 1868 is perceived as the principal time frame. During that period, the primary paper entitled Gazeta de la Habana was discharged in 1782 and turn into the nation’s distribution (Browning). In 1790, the paper was trailed by the absolute first magazine entitled Papel Periodico de la Habana (Browning). Both were managed by the Spanish government however delighted in less limitation as a result of the French Revolution influencing the administration intensity of Spain over Cuba. The subsequent period started in 1869 when Independence was first pined for and finished in 1902. The period is additionally called the Independence Revolution (Browning). During that period, press was given full opportunity intentionally to win the help of the reformists. In the long run periodicals containing thoughts regarding change started to advance which incorporates El Cubano Libre, Estrella Solitaria, El Mambi, and El Boletin de la Guerra (Browning). Quite, during the subsequent period, more progressives were enlivened to battle for their freedom through the impact of Jose Marti who writes in a few papers, for example, Patria, La Nacion, and New York Sun (Browning). The subsequent period was set apart by free exercise of articulation through distributions that is immediate, prompt and steady (Browning). The third time frame began when called the Republican time frame which began from 1902 and finished in 1930. The third time frame was managed under the tyranny of Gerardo Machado (Browning). During his time, opportunity of articulation was delighted in by writers. Papers, distributions and different dailies flourished in the city of Cuba, Havana. This period was additionally set apart by thriving on the grounds that ideological groups supported loads of distributions and added to the advantage of the country’s economy. Be that as it may, the activity of the opportunity was shaken by the arrangement of Machado to acclimatize and give government endowments in return to help in 1928 (Browning). The next years was set apart by monetary downturn and political agitation that further prompted the finish of opportunity appreciated by the Cuban writers. The fourth time frame began after Machado was toppled in 1930 until 1959 (Browning). For a long time, Batista governed the country. During the rule of Batista, the opportunity of articulation was encountering danger of eradication. However, mechanical developments in news coverage were presented in the nation. Among these incorporates expanded business complexity and steam-controlled print machines (Browning). Be that as it may, at the last piece of Batista’s rule, the opportunity of articulation has at long last blurred in light of the fact that the legislature assumed responsibility for the press. The fifth time frame began when Batista was ousted by the socialist gathering drove by Castro in 1959 and proceeds at the current time (Browning). Since the start of Castro time, the opportunity of articulation was at that point diminished. In the long run, the press and media were at last constrained by the administration and writers were not offered opportunity to voice out their contemplations against the legislature. The government’s exacting authority over media began in 1930. No autonomous columnists were liberated to discharge distributions which have the impact of condemning the administration. During that period, writers attempted to restrict the move of the legislature however without much of any result. At last, in 1990’s through the presentation of Internet, free columnists have discovered new medium to censure the government’s control of data (Browning). Be that as it may, the media, private and open, are still heavily influenced by the legislature. Data spread is as yet enduring exacting guideline. Autonomous columnists additionally proceed to battle and hazard their lives for a free news coverage. It very well may be seen that since the advancement of media, the administration previously held control of it. The adjustments in stages under a few governments have made media constrained and confined. A portion of the activities that the administration had done in reducing free press and stream of data were restriction and conclusion of papers (Browning). As of not long ago, the opportunity of data stays shifty and freedom of columnists is as yet cloud to be appreciated. Current Status of Media in Cuba In Art. 53 of the 1976 Cuban constitution, opportunity of press and articulation have been expressly expressed. Nonetheless, such opportunity is exposed to restrictions as contained in Art. 62 Art. 5, further, contains that all correspondence ought to be constrained by the Communist Party to support the nation (Browning). As an impact, data was directed and constrained by the legislature. Writers were additionally controlled from publicizing without the information on the state. Aside from that, writers were self-assertively detained for practicing their opportunity of articulation. Broad communications in Cuba is unquestionably not free. In the field of print media, the country keeps up three papers which are completely controlled by the legislature. These nationâ€?

CP8 Podcast with Wayne Citrin from JNBridge about Java and .Net Interoperability

CP8 Podcast with Wayne Citrin from JNBridge about Java and .Net Interoperability INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi. This time well have a very technical entrepreneur on our site. Hi Wayne! Who are you and what do you do?Wayne: Hi Martin, thanks! My name is Wayne Citrin, I’m the co-founder and CTO of JNBridge.Martin: Cool. What is JNBridge?Wayne: JNBridge is a company that creates Java and .Net interoperability tools â€" it’s the ability to closely integrate code on both the Java and .Net sides so that developers can call .Net code from Java and can call Java code from .Net. We have three products; one is flagship â€" a general purpose Java/.Net interoperability tool called JNBridge Pro, and we also have two more funereal-focus products, one is a Microsoft Biztalk server adaptor for JMS â€" Java Message Service , and the other is a more general purpose .Net adaptor for JMS.Martin: How did you come up with this business idea?Wayne: The answer is that, at some point, when I was looking for an idea â€" I had just finished up with another start-up that I was working with. I had a number of conversations with people that were unrelated but in several ways seem to all come together with the related idea.In the previous things that I had done, I had already done a lot of work with Java and the Java language and the enterprise Java technologies, and a friend of mine here in the University of Colorado had just come back from a faculty trip to Microsoft Research and suggested that I might be interested in looking into this new .Net platform that they demonstrated â€" this was around the summer of 2001 when .Net was brand new. A little later, another friend who had a start-up of his own asked me whether his enterprise Java beans would work with .Net. This got me into wondering whether or not there was a viable market for interoperability between the two technologies.Martin: And Wayne, what is your background that prepared you for this kind of opportunity?Wayne: Before I became an entrepreneur, I was an academic. I did a Computer Science major at Cornel Univer sity and I wanted to get a PhD and develop e-expertise in the field and I wanted to be a professor. I like the idea of teaching and doing research. So I went to graduate school at the University of California at Berkeley in Computer Science and I studied programming languages and compilers and in particular, my research was on compiling and executing a language called Prolog, I don’t know if you remember this but it was a very popular language back at the time, very cool, well, it’s called logic programming. It’s still used a little bit but technology has moved on.In any case, there was not a big start up culture there at the time â€" which was the early 1980s, what start-up culture there was, was mostly concerned with hardware, this was the beginning of the PC revolution. Some students went to work for companies like Sun, you know, PhD students at Berkeley like Bill Joy, others went to work for Apple. But there wasn’t a big start-up culture â€" software start-up culture alt hough I did work for my adviser’s start-up for a while. It was in his garage, with other grad students and I worked on the software for a special processor that he was designing that was suited for running Prolog. The customer, I believe, was Westinghouse and I think they wanted to put these Prolog processors on submarines which was kind of interesting.But at one point, my adviser had to tell us grad students â€" let them go from the start-up. The University decided that it was a conflict of interest that we could either be his advisees or we could be a start-up enterprise but not both. I really wonder whether this could be an issue today â€" clearly start-up culture wasn’t the focus at the time but it is now. After the received the PhD, I did a post-doc at IBM’s research laboratory in Zurich, in programming languages and compilations and also network and visualization which were all lot of the focus of the research groups of the lab at the time. Then I got interested in that, I eventually took a faculty position here in the University of Colorado in Boulder and continued the research on programming languages and compilers and the focus was on visual programming languages â€" graphical ones, it’s a continuation of the work that I was doing at IBM.After a while, I learned that my passion was really developing software and there was not a lot of opportunity to do that as a faculty member â€" there was too many other calls on your time: teaching, advising, and administration, so I decided to start a company. It was 1997, the height of the first dotcom boom, and the company was called Lumeo â€" it was an early website analysis product with an emphasis on visualization and detection of usability issues. I co-founded it with my wife, who has no technical background and has experience in operations, she ran the operational side. We saw a funding and we got a term sheet but at the time, it didn’t make sense to take it. So, what we ended up doing was selling the intellectual property and we used that as the seed money for our next start-up which, you know, I think is the way that things are often done. Closing down the company was a very hard decision to make but it was definitely the right one.In the meantime, after that I worked in a number of other start-ups in the Boulder area. Boulder, by this time, had become something of a hotbed of start-ups and still is. The strengths here are storage, because IBM had a big plant that manufactured disk drives and there were a number of spin-offs from that but also software connected with IBM also but also the university and some of the other companies that are around here. I think that Boulder is â€" it is not hard finding people who want to move to Boulder, I mean, between the surroundings and the scenery and the lifestyle, it’s a strong attraction, it really is quite easy, I think, for people to come to Boulder. And right now, like I said, there’s a start-up community, there’s a venture capital community, and so there’re infrastructures there for starting growing companies.I worked with a bunch of other start-ups after we shut down Lumeo â€" sold the IP and I learned a lot about what to do and what not to do in starting a company. I worked for a company that was funded with cool technology but had no idea on how to sell it. I worked with a company that was unfunded with no technology and no customers and seeing how they could find something and essentially develop their model. I worked for a very highly funded company that had a business model that was undermined by the Dot-Com Collapse and they flailed around for Plan B and a Plan C and a Plan D, before they finally found something that stuck but they had much reduced the ambitions at that point. At that point, I decided that that company, the highly funded company ended up not doing the things that I was interested in doing so I went off and that point, like I said, it was the summer of 2001, things came toget her and we came up with the idea for JNBridge.Martin: And when you started out, how many products have you been working on? Because today, you have a product portfolio of three products but I guess in the beginning you did not start out with all of them.Wayne: We started out with one product, the flagship product â€" JNBridge Pro, which was the general purpose Java/.Net interoperability product. But it’s interesting, when we started out with it, I think one of the things that I’ve learned is you come up with the minimum viable feature set for a new product. So currently our product is very powerful but working both directions, you can call from .Net to Java, from Java to .Net. Java to .Net can be running in a same process or in different processes communicating over a network. But at the time, when we started out with was we figured that Java at the time, this is summer of 2001, was a legacy technology so it was more likely you would have existing libraries within Java, and .Net was the next technology where new development was. A scenario we saw as being most common at first would be people developing .Net code and wanting to call existing Java libraries that they already had so our product was simply supported calling from .Net to Java.Later on, in the second major release, we had a by-directional product â€" it could call from Java to .Net or actually do both in the same project, also at the time, we decided to make it a socket-based project whereas the Java and the .Net would run in separate processes and communicate through sockets even though I think we really, ultimately wanted to actually have them running the same process because it was so much faster but that was a little bit more complicated and we had to figure out how to best do that.So we got â€" with the first version, we actually got a lot of good traction with it because I think we guessed right, you know, people wanted Java to .Net or .Net to Java interoperability and they were happy with the socket-based approach. At the time, I remember we started this project, you know, I went around and I spoke to people who were doing Java and who were doing .Net, and I actually went to Microsoft and the reaction was very different from what we were seeing in developer forums â€" everybody was asking, you know, “Can I use my Java with my .Net?” and this and that. But when I went to Microsoft and at the time Microsoft had no interest really in interoperability â€" I would bump to people and they would say: “Oh, why would you want to do that? You would just throw away all your Java and replace with .Net” and I said “Yes, right.” And Microsoft actually I think changed their tune within a year or two because I think most of the market didn’t agree with them. Other people said: “Oh, Microsoft has these migration plans or you could use web services” or things like that but none of these where really good solutions because they weren’t fast enough, they weren’t f ine-grained enough. And I think what happened was the market bears this out, those solutions either faded away or they did not cover the whole market and so we were happy with the way that turned out.BUSINESS MODEL OF JNBRIDGEMartin: Wayne, let’s talk about the business model of JNBridge. When I look at the product portfolio, is your flagship product still the main revenue driver?Wayne: That’s interesting. The answer is yes, I believe it does cover the largest portion of the revenue. But the business model is actually in terms of that, had evolved over the years. For one thing when we started it was mainly project-based deals where customers would come and say: “We have a project that we were working on.” and, you know, it’s usually an internal project â€" they had some in-house library or service that they wanted to integrate. And what’s happened more and more over the years with JNBridge Pro is that OEM deals have become much more important to the business model in the sense that some of them would come and say: “We have a product that requires both Java and .Net and we want to sell this product and we want to embed JNBridge Pro technology in the product either to make it work or to expose features to our users”.For example, one of our earliest OEM deals actually was with Adobe, they’re called fusion product which is a Java-based product for the last, I believe, it’s probably almost ten years now, has had the ability to access .Net libraries from their Java-based fusion applications and what’s happening is that inside the product, there’s JNBridge technology which they’ve licensed, they’ve embedded in the product.Other customers want a product where their   end users don’t know about JNBridge Pro because it’s very deeply enough that the features aren’t exposed but if you looked deeply in the product you might see that there’s both Java and .Net and we happen to be the glue that binds them together.Martin: How is your go to market strategy changed given the change in your customer portfolio so going to more OEMs?Wayne: I think what happened was that our director of sales actually prioritized this when he found that there was more interest coming in in OEM deals that originally what we did early on, and the customers were happy with this, was that their end users wanted to use features that used our capability or technology, their end users would come to us and buy licenses just to enable those features. But managing that was a little cumbersome and we also had the issues of supporting their end users. Their end users would come to us for support and the problem was that since we didn’t understand the product that it was being embedded in, there were some confusions in making that happen and what we did was we essentially codified this and created arrangements for support where our customers will do the original support and then come to us and plus, we created attractive licensing for OEM deals. I th ink the market was there from early on but I think we probably started making it friendlier for the users and making it clearer than when this was an option.Martin: Wayne, when I’m thinking of value propositions, I’m thinking about: “Okay, what are the product or the product portfolio and associated features?”, “What is the gain that you’re delivering to the customer and what is the pain that you are relieving?” And then the next question from me is: “How do you defend this kind of value proposition against competitors? Can you explain â€" for example, to a non-technical person, what’s so hard about making a service which bridges the Java and the .Net environment?”Wayne: Well, that’s a great question. At the very simplest, if you’re not really interested in accessing really fine-grained details of the remote service or you’re not interested in high performance, you can probably get away with web services and things like that; there are infrastructures for d oing that. But if you want to do things that are very tightly integrated, that access really the entire object-oriented API â€" application programming interface, of whatever the other platform is, if you want to run the Java and the .Net in the same process. These things actually get pretty complicated. There are a lot of details in managing processes, in managing memory, their various APIs that are involved and are very specialized. And most customers, this is not their expertise, and they don’t want it to be their expertise.Our main competitor is the idea of building your own. And our customers â€" some of them actually tried this first and then came to us because they can’t get it to work as seamlessly as they want. Most of the customers, they come to us already have the pain and know that they have the pain, we don’t have to convince them of that. Because if they were able to solve the problem either through fairly simple web service or rolling their own which again would be fairly simple and limited in its capabilities, we wouldn’t see them at that point but once they’ve come to us, I think they’ve already become aware that they have this problem.Martin: What do you think? How big is the market for the problem that you are trying to solve in bridging this Java and .Net?Wayne: We’ve looked at surveys by companies like Gartner and Forester. I can’t bring the numbers up in my head or hand but I think that the notions that between 70-80% of enterprises have or 70-80% have .Net, there’s a very large overlap in terms of enterprises that have both, by far the majority of enterprises have both Java and .Net. This could happen for all sorts of reasons: it could happen because they’ve invested in a particular technology or particular proprietary library and one platform but now they want to use another platform; they may have some sort of business logic or financial package written in Java but now they want to have the front-end written in .Net because the UI, the windowing, and the tooling and the graphics are probably better and easier to code in .Net. We’ve had a lot of customers doing a lot in the financial services sector that have that problem.There are others companies that are highly divided in terms of their IT administration and different parts of the company may be centered on different technologies and they need to integrate. We have customers that face this problem because of mergers and acquisitions; they buy a company and they need to integrate their technologies. It’s a big market, I think.Martin: For these MA purposes, are you using, for example, channel partners like consulting companies?Wayne: Well, we don’t have a formalized partnership program but what happens is that we do deal with a lot of global system integrators. That’s particularly an issue with our Biztalk JMS adaptor, that a lot of projects that involved integrating with Biztalk server are done with consulting organizations. And they will essentially come to us when they have to project or they will actually put together a proposal. They will include our product in their proposal because they know it’s necessary to do the integration. But yes, we do work with a lot of integrators.Martin: Wayne, can you remember back then when you started out and you wanted to acquire the first customers? How did you attract and especially work with those first customers?Wayne: Ah, that’s great. What happened was around the time we put our alpha product made available, what we did to start was we essentially took part in developer forums where developers were asking about integration problems and essentially posted announcements that we had this new product that did this particular thing. And, you know, I think there were a lot of people who were kind of sensitive about doing advertising in forums but if you’re providing good information and being helpful and making it clear that you’re with a particular company, I think it shouldn’t be a problem. And what we did was we put those out â€" that was our initial marketing.And around January of 2002, we got our first alpha customer. So, it was actually another start-up, I think they were doing something about content management, and it’s been a while so I don’t remember exactly what their technical problem was but it was a developer at the company and I actually applaud his courage in coming to us and taking a chance on us when he had his own brand new piece of software that he was working with.   But what happened was we worked closely with him, we covered most of his technical requirements and his feedback was invaluable on what our 1.0 product was. And of course they got a very good deal from us in return for all the feedback, and in return for being able to talk about this. So that was really what happened.Like I said, I remember the first customer well, the second couple of customers showed up through the same, sort of, marketing through devel oper forums, mainly small start-ups and universities. But probably within the first year we were starting to get larger companies and at the time, particularly a financial services. There’s been some interesting questions in terms of our customer base is: a lot in financial services, quite a few in media, broadcast and television-abled companies, there had been quite a few in the oil industry and geographical information systems industry. And in all cases I ask it has to do with the particular requirements of those industries and where the legacy code happened to be written in and I think integrating a lot of that backend code which was probably in Java when you’ve created new front-ends either using ASP dot net or windows forms or things like that.Martin: Wayne, you started out with this forum marketing. At what point in time did you change your marketing channels and I assume that there was some kind of cap in terms of how many people you could acquired via these forums?Wayne: Exactly. So relatively quickly, what we did was we concentrated on web-based marketing search engine optimization and placement Google Adwords and those continued to be our main marketing. But there are other things we â€" that happened fairly quickly, early on in that first year.Another thing that happened which actually I think worked out quite well was connected with the forum-based marketing, a couple of people at Microsoft were working on interoperability issues contacted us and one of them, a guy named Simon Guess, who is no longer in Microsoft but at the time was, started creating internal interoperability, sort of, seminars. He conducted a couple of seminars at Microsoft and invited people who were working on this issue to present, that actually helped us create more awareness in the Microsoft organization. And similar things happened at Sun although it was a little bit slower. Simon also started writing a book about interoperability and published in Microsoft press and we participated in that. And again, within a year or two, Sun wrote a book too and I think some of that added a large contribution to spreading the word.Other things that we’ve done over the years: we published articles and provided briefings and interviews to journalists and analysts and created sponsored content and these definitely have contributed but I think the real way people found out about us is they type in Java/.Net integration or Java/.Net procedure calls or Java/.Net interoperability into Google, and our name comes up high in that list both on our own website and in articles that have been written about the topic.We also used to exhibit trade shows and conferences but we don’t do that anymore because, you know, I think there’s not enough bang for the buck in doing that â€" we did get some good publicity but I think at this point we have the critical mass that we can do without that.Martin: Yes, great.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM WAYNE CITRINMartin: Wayne, you have st arted several companies and over the, let’s say, 10-15 years, what are your major learnings that you can share with other people interested in starting a company, especially the do’s and don’ts or failures that you’ve made?Wayne: The first thing that I would want to say is that: if you can, self-fund your company, if it all possible â€" raising money can become all-consuming. It’s much better to spend the time building and selling your product. And also taking money, in some ways, make you less agile, there’s certain otherwise viable opportunities that you might want to enter or engage in and they might be too small to please the investors, in some ways if you’re not answerable to investors that actually can help in starting your company.I mean there’s this one story I remember reading that was written by Paul Gram where he talked about this company that eventually became Yahoo stores, he said that when he heard that his competitor had taken a big investment, he knew that he had won because at that point his competitor was hamstrung and really couldn’t profitably engage in the kind of opportunities that Paul Gram’s company could because the competitor had to grow faster and he tried to engage in bigger opportunities.So what happens is that if you do sell fund, it will affect the kind of company that you can become because of course, your business model can’t be too infrastructure-intensive. Clearly, you know, if you wanted to build data centers or build out consumer hardware, things like that, you may need much more of an investment but for enterprise software that like what we’re engaging in, that was not the case.Use lots of cloud services, it’s another thing that self-funding will force you to do. Everything from your email to your VPNs.Don’t do it yourself if you can help it. Also, it forces you to stay lean for a long time; you don’t ramp up your staffing ahead of revenue unlike a company that takes up VC investment.Virtual o ffices. We run on a virtual office, I think that’s actually saved us a lot on in terms of worrying about real estate and being a tenant, our company is kind of scattered in various places, we let people arrange their own work environment and that worked just fine for us. But all these essentially add up to limiting your fixed cost, so I think that, but again self-funding is probably the most important decision that we made in starting up.Another thing that I think I’ve learned is that starting a company is more than a full-time job and you need to get used to that. You think this is obvious but I met a lot of people who think they can start a company on the side while they’re doing something else to pay the bills. In my experience, this really can’t be done at least not well â€" you get distracted, you work on, you know, what’s bringing you the money, and you know, things just don’t happen with a company you really don’t start-up so.When we started out, we thought that maybe we would with JNBridge, we thought that we would do what it takes. If there was consulting, we would do that, but it turned out that once we got the opportunity to do some consulting, not necessarily related to the product we were developing, we decided to turn it down because it was too much of a distraction â€" I think that was the right decision to make.If you need to hedge your bets, I think you should try to arrange this with your life partner or your spouse can provide financial support well while the company gets off the ground but I have to admit that we did not follow that advice ourselves â€" we put all our chickens in one basket and my wife is the co-founder and betted up in non-development aspects and I think that worked because we believed in what we were doing and we really felt that there was a good â€" a much better than even better chance to succeed.I also think that you really ought to know the field you’re working in, inside out and love working on it. Yo u don’t have to give a lot of time to get your product out the door, and you can’t spend it learning too much new stuff but when you are learning, you really have to enjoy learning. And when we started developing our first product in July of 2001 and I guess the alpha was available in December of 2001, January of 2002, data by March, 1.0 by June. You really have to be in a hurry which means you have to know what you’re doing and also means you have to focus and I guess that goes back to the idea of not being able to just do this on the side or â€" it has to be your focus and what you really want to do every morning.We’ve been doing this for almost 15 years, at this point, of course, we can enjoy life more than we had but even back then I think we were having a lot of fun but were really concentrated a huge amount on getting the company started.Martin: Great. Wayne, thank you so much for sharing your knowledge.Wayne: Well, thank you Martin.Martin: Welcome. If you’re thinkin g about optimizing your code interoperability, check out JNBridge.Wayne: Thanks.THANKS FOR LISTENING! Welcome to the 8th episode of our podcast!You can download the podcast to your computer or listen to it here on the blog. Click here to subscribe in iTunes. INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi. This time well have a very technical entrepreneur on our site. Hi Wayne! Who are you and what do you do?Wayne: Hi Martin, thanks! My name is Wayne Citrin, I’m the co-founder and CTO of JNBridge.Martin: Cool. What is JNBridge?Wayne: JNBridge is a company that creates Java and .Net interoperability tools â€" it’s the ability to closely integrate code on both the Java and .Net sides so that developers can call .Net code from Java and can call Java code from .Net. We have three products; one is flagship â€" a general purpose Java/.Net interoperability tool called JNBridge Pro, and we also have two more funereal-focus products, one is a Microsoft Biztalk server adaptor for JMS â€" Java Message Service , and the other is a more general purpose .Net adaptor for JMS.Martin: How did you come up with this business idea?Wayne: The answer is that, at some point, when I was looking for an idea â€" I had just finished up with another start-up that I was working with. I had a number of conversations with people that were unrelated but in several ways seem to all come together with the related idea.In the previous things that I had done, I had already done a lot of work with Java and the Java language and the enterprise Java technologies, and a friend of mine here in the University of Colorado had just come back from a faculty trip to Microsoft Research and suggested that I might be interested in looking into this new .Net platform that they demonstrated â€" this was around the summer of 2001 when .Net was brand new. A little later, another friend who had a start-up of his own asked me whether his enterprise Java beans would work with .Net. This got me into wondering whether or not there was a viable market for interoperability between the two technologies.Martin: And Wayne, what is your background that prepared you for this kind of opportunity?Wayne: Before I became an entrepreneur, I was an academic. I did a Computer Science major at Cornel Univer sity and I wanted to get a PhD and develop e-expertise in the field and I wanted to be a professor. I like the idea of teaching and doing research. So I went to graduate school at the University of California at Berkeley in Computer Science and I studied programming languages and compilers and in particular, my research was on compiling and executing a language called Prolog, I don’t know if you remember this but it was a very popular language back at the time, very cool, well, it’s called logic programming. It’s still used a little bit but technology has moved on.In any case, there was not a big start up culture there at the time â€" which was the early 1980s, what start-up culture there was, was mostly concerned with hardware, this was the beginning of the PC revolution. Some students went to work for companies like Sun, you know, PhD students at Berkeley like Bill Joy, others went to work for Apple. But there wasn’t a big start-up culture â€" software start-up culture alt hough I did work for my adviser’s start-up for a while. It was in his garage, with other grad students and I worked on the software for a special processor that he was designing that was suited for running Prolog. The customer, I believe, was Westinghouse and I think they wanted to put these Prolog processors on submarines which was kind of interesting.But at one point, my adviser had to tell us grad students â€" let them go from the start-up. The University decided that it was a conflict of interest that we could either be his advisees or we could be a start-up enterprise but not both. I really wonder whether this could be an issue today â€" clearly start-up culture wasn’t the focus at the time but it is now. After the received the PhD, I did a post-doc at IBM’s research laboratory in Zurich, in programming languages and compilations and also network and visualization which were all lot of the focus of the research groups of the lab at the time. Then I got interested in that, I eventually took a faculty position here in the University of Colorado in Boulder and continued the research on programming languages and compilers and the focus was on visual programming languages â€" graphical ones, it’s a continuation of the work that I was doing at IBM.After a while, I learned that my passion was really developing software and there was not a lot of opportunity to do that as a faculty member â€" there was too many other calls on your time: teaching, advising, and administration, so I decided to start a company. It was 1997, the height of the first dotcom boom, and the company was called Lumeo â€" it was an early website analysis product with an emphasis on visualization and detection of usability issues. I co-founded it with my wife, who has no technical background and has experience in operations, she ran the operational side. We saw a funding and we got a term sheet but at the time, it didn’t make sense to take it. So, what we ended up doing was selling the intellectual property and we used that as the seed money for our next start-up which, you know, I think is the way that things are often done. Closing down the company was a very hard decision to make but it was definitely the right one.In the meantime, after that I worked in a number of other start-ups in the Boulder area. Boulder, by this time, had become something of a hotbed of start-ups and still is. The strengths here are storage, because IBM had a big plant that manufactured disk drives and there were a number of spin-offs from that but also software connected with IBM also but also the university and some of the other companies that are around here. I think that Boulder is â€" it is not hard finding people who want to move to Boulder, I mean, between the surroundings and the scenery and the lifestyle, it’s a strong attraction, it really is quite easy, I think, for people to come to Boulder. And right now, like I said, there’s a start-up community, there’s a venture capital community, and so there’re infrastructures there for starting growing companies.I worked with a bunch of other start-ups after we shut down Lumeo â€" sold the IP and I learned a lot about what to do and what not to do in starting a company. I worked for a company that was funded with cool technology but had no idea on how to sell it. I worked with a company that was unfunded with no technology and no customers and seeing how they could find something and essentially develop their model. I worked for a very highly funded company that had a business model that was undermined by the Dot-Com Collapse and they flailed around for Plan B and a Plan C and a Plan D, before they finally found something that stuck but they had much reduced the ambitions at that point. At that point, I decided that that company, the highly funded company ended up not doing the things that I was interested in doing so I went off and that point, like I said, it was the summer of 2001, things came toget her and we came up with the idea for JNBridge.Martin: And when you started out, how many products have you been working on? Because today, you have a product portfolio of three products but I guess in the beginning you did not start out with all of them.Wayne: We started out with one product, the flagship product â€" JNBridge Pro, which was the general purpose Java/.Net interoperability product. But it’s interesting, when we started out with it, I think one of the things that I’ve learned is you come up with the minimum viable feature set for a new product. So currently our product is very powerful but working both directions, you can call from .Net to Java, from Java to .Net. Java to .Net can be running in a same process or in different processes communicating over a network. But at the time, when we started out with was we figured that Java at the time, this is summer of 2001, was a legacy technology so it was more likely you would have existing libraries within Java, and .Net was the next technology where new development was. A scenario we saw as being most common at first would be people developing .Net code and wanting to call existing Java libraries that they already had so our product was simply supported calling from .Net to Java.Later on, in the second major release, we had a by-directional product â€" it could call from Java to .Net or actually do both in the same project, also at the time, we decided to make it a socket-based project whereas the Java and the .Net would run in separate processes and communicate through sockets even though I think we really, ultimately wanted to actually have them running the same process because it was so much faster but that was a little bit more complicated and we had to figure out how to best do that.So we got â€" with the first version, we actually got a lot of good traction with it because I think we guessed right, you know, people wanted Java to .Net or .Net to Java interoperability and they were happy with the socket-based approach. At the time, I remember we started this project, you know, I went around and I spoke to people who were doing Java and who were doing .Net, and I actually went to Microsoft and the reaction was very different from what we were seeing in developer forums â€" everybody was asking, you know, “Can I use my Java with my .Net?” and this and that. But when I went to Microsoft and at the time Microsoft had no interest really in interoperability â€" I would bump to people and they would say: “Oh, why would you want to do that? You would just throw away all your Java and replace with .Net” and I said “Yes, right.” And Microsoft actually I think changed their tune within a year or two because I think most of the market didn’t agree with them. Other people said: “Oh, Microsoft has these migration plans or you could use web services” or things like that but none of these where really good solutions because they weren’t fast enough, they weren’t f ine-grained enough. And I think what happened was the market bears this out, those solutions either faded away or they did not cover the whole market and so we were happy with the way that turned out.BUSINESS MODEL OF JNBRIDGEMartin: Wayne, let’s talk about the business model of JNBridge. When I look at the product portfolio, is your flagship product still the main revenue driver?Wayne: That’s interesting. The answer is yes, I believe it does cover the largest portion of the revenue. But the business model is actually in terms of that, had evolved over the years. For one thing when we started it was mainly project-based deals where customers would come and say: “We have a project that we were working on.” and, you know, it’s usually an internal project â€" they had some in-house library or service that they wanted to integrate. And what’s happened more and more over the years with JNBridge Pro is that OEM deals have become much more important to the business model in the sense that some of them would come and say: “We have a product that requires both Java and .Net and we want to sell this product and we want to embed JNBridge Pro technology in the product either to make it work or to expose features to our users”.For example, one of our earliest OEM deals actually was with Adobe, they’re called fusion product which is a Java-based product for the last, I believe, it’s probably almost ten years now, has had the ability to access .Net libraries from their Java-based fusion applications and what’s happening is that inside the product, there’s JNBridge technology which they’ve licensed, they’ve embedded in the product.Other customers want a product where their   end users don’t know about JNBridge Pro because it’s very deeply enough that the features aren’t exposed but if you looked deeply in the product you might see that there’s both Java and .Net and we happen to be the glue that binds them together.Martin: How is your go to market strategy changed given the change in your customer portfolio so going to more OEMs?Wayne: I think what happened was that our director of sales actually prioritized this when he found that there was more interest coming in in OEM deals that originally what we did early on, and the customers were happy with this, was that their end users wanted to use features that used our capability or technology, their end users would come to us and buy licenses just to enable those features. But managing that was a little cumbersome and we also had the issues of supporting their end users. Their end users would come to us for support and the problem was that since we didn’t understand the product that it was being embedded in, there were some confusions in making that happen and what we did was we essentially codified this and created arrangements for support where our customers will do the original support and then come to us and plus, we created attractive licensing for OEM deals. I th ink the market was there from early on but I think we probably started making it friendlier for the users and making it clearer than when this was an option.Martin: Wayne, when I’m thinking of value propositions, I’m thinking about: “Okay, what are the product or the product portfolio and associated features?”, “What is the gain that you’re delivering to the customer and what is the pain that you are relieving?” And then the next question from me is: “How do you defend this kind of value proposition against competitors? Can you explain â€" for example, to a non-technical person, what’s so hard about making a service which bridges the Java and the .Net environment?”Wayne: Well, that’s a great question. At the very simplest, if you’re not really interested in accessing really fine-grained details of the remote service or you’re not interested in high performance, you can probably get away with web services and things like that; there are infrastructures for d oing that. But if you want to do things that are very tightly integrated, that access really the entire object-oriented API â€" application programming interface, of whatever the other platform is, if you want to run the Java and the .Net in the same process. These things actually get pretty complicated. There are a lot of details in managing processes, in managing memory, their various APIs that are involved and are very specialized. And most customers, this is not their expertise, and they don’t want it to be their expertise.Our main competitor is the idea of building your own. And our customers â€" some of them actually tried this first and then came to us because they can’t get it to work as seamlessly as they want. Most of the customers, they come to us already have the pain and know that they have the pain, we don’t have to convince them of that. Because if they were able to solve the problem either through fairly simple web service or rolling their own which again would be fairly simple and limited in its capabilities, we wouldn’t see them at that point but once they’ve come to us, I think they’ve already become aware that they have this problem.Martin: What do you think? How big is the market for the problem that you are trying to solve in bridging this Java and .Net?Wayne: We’ve looked at surveys by companies like Gartner and Forester. I can’t bring the numbers up in my head or hand but I think that the notions that between 70-80% of enterprises have or 70-80% have .Net, there’s a very large overlap in terms of enterprises that have both, by far the majority of enterprises have both Java and .Net. This could happen for all sorts of reasons: it could happen because they’ve invested in a particular technology or particular proprietary library and one platform but now they want to use another platform; they may have some sort of business logic or financial package written in Java but now they want to have the front-end written in .Net because the UI, the windowing, and the tooling and the graphics are probably better and easier to code in .Net. We’ve had a lot of customers doing a lot in the financial services sector that have that problem.There are others companies that are highly divided in terms of their IT administration and different parts of the company may be centered on different technologies and they need to integrate. We have customers that face this problem because of mergers and acquisitions; they buy a company and they need to integrate their technologies. It’s a big market, I think.Martin: For these MA purposes, are you using, for example, channel partners like consulting companies?Wayne: Well, we don’t have a formalized partnership program but what happens is that we do deal with a lot of global system integrators. That’s particularly an issue with our Biztalk JMS adaptor, that a lot of projects that involved integrating with Biztalk server are done with consulting organizations. And they will essentially come to us when they have to project or they will actually put together a proposal. They will include our product in their proposal because they know it’s necessary to do the integration. But yes, we do work with a lot of integrators.Martin: Wayne, can you remember back then when you started out and you wanted to acquire the first customers? How did you attract and especially work with those first customers?Wayne: Ah, that’s great. What happened was around the time we put our alpha product made available, what we did to start was we essentially took part in developer forums where developers were asking about integration problems and essentially posted announcements that we had this new product that did this particular thing. And, you know, I think there were a lot of people who were kind of sensitive about doing advertising in forums but if you’re providing good information and being helpful and making it clear that you’re with a particular company, I think it shouldn’t be a problem. And what we did was we put those out â€" that was our initial marketing.And around January of 2002, we got our first alpha customer. So, it was actually another start-up, I think they were doing something about content management, and it’s been a while so I don’t remember exactly what their technical problem was but it was a developer at the company and I actually applaud his courage in coming to us and taking a chance on us when he had his own brand new piece of software that he was working with.   But what happened was we worked closely with him, we covered most of his technical requirements and his feedback was invaluable on what our 1.0 product was. And of course they got a very good deal from us in return for all the feedback, and in return for being able to talk about this. So that was really what happened.Like I said, I remember the first customer well, the second couple of customers showed up through the same, sort of, marketing through devel oper forums, mainly small start-ups and universities. But probably within the first year we were starting to get larger companies and at the time, particularly a financial services. There’s been some interesting questions in terms of our customer base is: a lot in financial services, quite a few in media, broadcast and television-abled companies, there had been quite a few in the oil industry and geographical information systems industry. And in all cases I ask it has to do with the particular requirements of those industries and where the legacy code happened to be written in and I think integrating a lot of that backend code which was probably in Java when you’ve created new front-ends either using ASP dot net or windows forms or things like that.Martin: Wayne, you started out with this forum marketing. At what point in time did you change your marketing channels and I assume that there was some kind of cap in terms of how many people you could acquired via these forums?Wayne: Exactly. So relatively quickly, what we did was we concentrated on web-based marketing search engine optimization and placement Google Adwords and those continued to be our main marketing. But there are other things we â€" that happened fairly quickly, early on in that first year.Another thing that happened which actually I think worked out quite well was connected with the forum-based marketing, a couple of people at Microsoft were working on interoperability issues contacted us and one of them, a guy named Simon Guess, who is no longer in Microsoft but at the time was, started creating internal interoperability, sort of, seminars. He conducted a couple of seminars at Microsoft and invited people who were working on this issue to present, that actually helped us create more awareness in the Microsoft organization. And similar things happened at Sun although it was a little bit slower. Simon also started writing a book about interoperability and published in Microsoft press and we participated in that. And again, within a year or two, Sun wrote a book too and I think some of that added a large contribution to spreading the word.Other things that we’ve done over the years: we published articles and provided briefings and interviews to journalists and analysts and created sponsored content and these definitely have contributed but I think the real way people found out about us is they type in Java/.Net integration or Java/.Net procedure calls or Java/.Net interoperability into Google, and our name comes up high in that list both on our own website and in articles that have been written about the topic.We also used to exhibit trade shows and conferences but we don’t do that anymore because, you know, I think there’s not enough bang for the buck in doing that â€" we did get some good publicity but I think at this point we have the critical mass that we can do without that.Martin: Yes, great.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM WAYNE CITRINMartin: Wayne, you have st arted several companies and over the, let’s say, 10-15 years, what are your major learnings that you can share with other people interested in starting a company, especially the do’s and don’ts or failures that you’ve made?Wayne: The first thing that I would want to say is that: if you can, self-fund your company, if it all possible â€" raising money can become all-consuming. It’s much better to spend the time building and selling your product. And also taking money, in some ways, make you less agile, there’s certain otherwise viable opportunities that you might want to enter or engage in and they might be too small to please the investors, in some ways if you’re not answerable to investors that actually can help in starting your company.I mean there’s this one story I remember reading that was written by Paul Gram where he talked about this company that eventually became Yahoo stores, he said that when he heard that his competitor had taken a big investment, he knew that he had won because at that point his competitor was hamstrung and really couldn’t profitably engage in the kind of opportunities that Paul Gram’s company could because the competitor had to grow faster and he tried to engage in bigger opportunities.So what happens is that if you do sell fund, it will affect the kind of company that you can become because of course, your business model can’t be too infrastructure-intensive. Clearly, you know, if you wanted to build data centers or build out consumer hardware, things like that, you may need much more of an investment but for enterprise software that like what we’re engaging in, that was not the case.Use lots of cloud services, it’s another thing that self-funding will force you to do. Everything from your email to your VPNs.Don’t do it yourself if you can help it. Also, it forces you to stay lean for a long time; you don’t ramp up your staffing ahead of revenue unlike a company that takes up VC investment.Virtual o ffices. We run on a virtual office, I think that’s actually saved us a lot on in terms of worrying about real estate and being a tenant, our company is kind of scattered in various places, we let people arrange their own work environment and that worked just fine for us. But all these essentially add up to limiting your fixed cost, so I think that, but again self-funding is probably the most important decision that we made in starting up.Another thing that I think I’ve learned is that starting a company is more than a full-time job and you need to get used to that. You think this is obvious but I met a lot of people who think they can start a company on the side while they’re doing something else to pay the bills. In my experience, this really can’t be done at least not well â€" you get distracted, you work on, you know, what’s bringing you the money, and you know, things just don’t happen with a company you really don’t start-up so.When we started out, we thought that maybe we would with JNBridge, we thought that we would do what it takes. If there was consulting, we would do that, but it turned out that once we got the opportunity to do some consulting, not necessarily related to the product we were developing, we decided to turn it down because it was too much of a distraction â€" I think that was the right decision to make.If you need to hedge your bets, I think you should try to arrange this with your life partner or your spouse can provide financial support well while the company gets off the ground but I have to admit that we did not follow that advice ourselves â€" we put all our chickens in one basket and my wife is the co-founder and betted up in non-development aspects and I think that worked because we believed in what we were doing and we really felt that there was a good â€" a much better than even better chance to succeed.I also think that you really ought to know the field you’re working in, inside out and love working on it. Yo u don’t have to give a lot of time to get your product out the door, and you can’t spend it learning too much new stuff but when you are learning, you really have to enjoy learning. And when we started developing our first product in July of 2001 and I guess the alpha was available in December of 2001, January of 2002, data by March, 1.0 by June. You really have to be in a hurry which means you have to know what you’re doing and also means you have to focus and I guess that goes back to the idea of not being able to just do this on the side or â€" it has to be your focus and what you really want to do every morning.We’ve been doing this for almost 15 years, at this point, of course, we can enjoy life more than we had but even back then I think we were having a lot of fun but were really concentrated a huge amount on getting the company started.Martin: Great. Wayne, thank you so much for sharing your knowledge.Wayne: Well, thank you Martin.Martin: Welcome. If you’re thinkin g about optimizing your code interoperability, check out JNBridge.Wayne: Thanks.THANKS FOR LISTENING!Thanks so much for joining our 8th podcast episode!Have some feedback you’d like to share?  Leave  a note in the comment section below! If you enjoyed this episode, please  share  it using the social media buttons you see at the bottom of the post.Also,  please leave an honest review for The Cleverism Podcast on iTunes or on SoundCloud. Ratings and reviews  are  extremely  helpful  and greatly appreciated! They do matter in the rankings of the show, and we read each and every one of them.Special thanks  to Wayne for joining me this week. Until  next time!

Three Day Diet Reflection - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 685 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/02/12 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Diet Essay Did you like this example? For my three day diet reflection it was telling me I needed to drink more water, I did not have enough nutrients in my food throughout the day, and I needed to be more physically active. I also need to take more nutrients in my body other than the vitamins I take once day. Healthy eating is not always easy, food is addicting and sometimes we indulge in our cravings. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Three Day Diet Reflection" essay for you Create order Sometimes we are just so busy throughout our day we do not eat as much nutrients as we need to. Like for me for instance, doing the myfitnesspal app the calories I intake I needed to eat more throughout the day and healthier cause I would eat when I can and sometime its hours within the day. Than thats when I would go to fast food because it was fast and easy, but it also affected my physical health. Also in myfitnesspal app it said I should drink more water and I know I should because I would drink a lot soda before as well. To this day I would exercise and slowly see changes with myself and my body. In the beginning of my diet to lose weight and improve health was one of my main goals, but it can be a bit overwhelming. For the next few weeks my plan is to exercises daily, changing my eating habits, and trying to eat as much nutrients as I can. Most importantly manage my time with everything to stop procrastinating and doing everything last minute. Now I make a checklist for myself and do as much as I can. There are bound to be challenges in your life whenever we start something new, especially when your used to doing a routine everyday. â€Å"You don’t have to be perfect, you don’t have to completely eliminate foods you enjoy, and you don’t have to change everything all at once—that usually only leads to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan† (Segal and Robinson, 2018). To this day I still get cravings, but when I do I either substitute my food with a healthier nourishment, for example when I crave ice cream ill substitute it with yog urt with a lot of fruits on top. Managing my time, changing bad habits, and being physically active you have to stay motivated and positive this will only benefit yourself. Changing your eating habits and working out was a bit difficult at first because it was like a roller coaster for me in the beginning, but as I was doing it constantly it would get easier day by day. I can see the changes in myself about feeling more confident, having more energy, boosting my mood, and most importantly improving my health. There are days when I would eat unhealthy but I also tried to portion my size and exercise the next day. During the week I will regulate my schedule in doing at least 2 miles on the elliptical or treadmill every Monday and Wednesday, for the other days I will try to increase my intensity of my work out and push myself little by little each day. While doing myfitnesspal app it does suggest that I should really intake more in my calories as well with proper nutrients in my food. Especially I should start meal prepping to also avoid myself from going to fast food and I will also be saving money as well. Living a healthy lifestyle can be very stressful because we have times that we are tempted into making the wrong choices. We are human when it comes to failure we learn from our mistakes. Never give up on your goal it will increase your self determination and make you stronger in the future. Personally I still make good and bad choices in life, I still live a life to standards in what I can handle, I push myself to make me better as a whole. We learn from from our failure that challenges us to better, always strive to accomplishing your goal â€Å"you never lose either you win or you learn.†

What I Learned About Buddhism Essay - 1543 Words

One of the reason I took this class is to learn more about religions and their origins but I was specifically interested in Buddhism so I was excited that it was a religion that the class was going to cover. I had little prior knowledge of Buddhism but I didn’t know the origin, important figures and important teachings but I learned that what I thought was inaccurate. This class deepened my interest of Buddhism more because I learned what it really is about and their teaching while also correcting the ideas I had of Buddhism that were wrong. One of the ideas I was wrong about Buddhism is that I thought that they worshipped a deity which was Buddha and that Buddhists pray to him just like Catholics pray to God. In the lectures, I learned that Buddhism didn’t have a god which was weird for me to learn because all the religions that we’ve learned before had a type of God. I found it interesting that Buddha was seen as a teacher and was never turned into a God like in Christianity, he was seen as a revered teacher and great influence to look up to for Buddhists. The lectures also taught me that Buddha himself didn’t believe in a higher power but believed that a person could reach nirvana for themselves and not because a higher power was telling them too because that’s why he did it. He did it for himself when he meditated under the tree so that he could learn about himself and how the world works and its secrets. Learning that Buddhism had no God to obey, I felt likeShow MoreRelatedWhen Asia Was the World Book Analysis Essay1110 Words   |  5 PagesBefore this assignment I never knew anything about Asian history until I got to this class and received this assignment. I can’t believe how much Asian history influenced the way we as Americans look at history now. In Steward Gordon’s When Asia Was The World, I found the story of Xuanzang very interesting. 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Hesi Topics Free Essays

Potential Community Health HESI Topic Areas These are some additional areas you may want to considering being familiar with: Ancathosis nigricans A skin condition characterized by dark, thick, velvety skin in body folds and creases. Most often, acanthosis nigricans affects your armpits, groin and neck. There’s no specific treatment for acanthosis nigricans † but treating any underlying conditions, such as diabetes and obesity, may cause the changes in your skin changes to fade Characteristics of acanthosis nigricans include: Skin changes. We will write a custom essay sample on Hesi Topics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Skin changes are the only signs of acanthosis nigricans. You’ll notice dark, thick, velvety skin in body folds and creases † typically in your armpits, groin and neck. Sometimes the lips, palms or soles of the feet are affected as well. Slow progression. The skin changes appear slowly, sometimes over months or years. Possible itching. Rarely, the affected areas may itch. Acanthosis nigricans is often associated with conditions that increase your insulin level, such as type 2 diabetes or being overweight. If your insulin level is too high, the extra insulin may trigger activity in your skin cells. This may cause the characteristic skin changes. Question pertained to nurse checking for lice and noticing dark patch of skin on neck. Advisor role Antepartum – risk factors Anthrax incubation and exposure Assess trends and patterns Assessing income Assessment – validation Assignments – home care; Make sure students know how to prioritize home health clients (i. e. which ones to see/call back first. ) When given the choice between a patient with COPD who is short of breath, a terminally ill pt who refuses to eat or drink, or a pt with congestive heart failure who has gained 3 lbs, choose the last one. Asthma triage Battering-communication If the question pertains to a nurse suspecting a female patient has been abused and the woman has her child in the room with her, the nurse should ask the child to leave the room and question the woman about the abuse. The question does not pe rtain to the child being abused. Breast cancer-risk (who is at greatest risk) Calculate rate – population COBRA-cost (client still has to pay for expenses) When the question asks what would be a concern for a person who has lost their Job but has COBRA, the answer is paying for health care/expenses. Communicable disease (pertussis) Community – assessment Community Assessment – TB Community data source Community education – evaluate Community resource – elderly Community resources-population age Community resources – rural Community strategies – mental deficiencies Cultural competence Cultural -lactose intolerant Cultural – Native American (Native Americans are at high risk for diabetes – have the highest rates, so the nurse needs to screen for and educate about this). Culturally sensitive teaching CV disease – African American Diabetes AIC If a nurse is working in a community with high rates of diabetes and implements a program, at the end of 1 year (or whatever evaluation period is stated) the nurse will ant to evaluate hemoglobin A1 C levels to determine effectiveness of program. Disaster – Cholera (Priority for treating those with cholera: fluid and electrolytes) Disaster- Professional Disaster – red tag triage Disaster planning Disaster Preparedness – START Disaster triage – color system Elder abuse-Home setting Elder health – assessment Employee health Epidemiological triad host Epidemiological triad agent Fall in home Family assistance – ophthalmic meds Family ecomap Flu vaccine-priority Gatekeeper Genetic risk – assessment Geriatrics – home nutrition Geriatric syndrome – home health GTD-hCG values Health Promotion Program – Planning Heart healthy diet – limit Heat stroke If an adolescent is playing sports at school and goes to the school nurse with red, dry skin and other symptoms of heat stroke, the first thing the nurse should do is call for emergency personnel (not assess). Hepatitis A – risk Main route is through fecal-oral Hep B vaccine – pregnancy Hepatovax B allergy Home care referral Home Health – Management Home health – PT Home safety – post arthroplasty Hypertension-BP measure Immunize – 3rd world country Immunization rates Increase vaccination rates Infant mortality rate Influenza -prophylactic Relenza Lillian Wald – Henry Street (she established the Henry Street Settlement) Focused on cleanliness, staff was educated, and ventilation Lipid screening Long-term care-infection Long-term car – fall prevention Meals-on-wheels Medicare Menomune vaccine Migrant worker risks Morbidity data – gather Morbidity data-glaucoma If a nurse is working with an elderly population and most of them are choosing to get a surgery that will CURE glaucoma, then the nurse will be concerned with assessing prevalence of glaucoma (not morbidity). Needs assessment Neighborhood safe houses Neuman model – line of defense Obese children-parent involvement Occupational health – smoking Occupational nurse practitioner role Oral contraceptives – smokers Osteoporosis – prevention Outcome evaluation Polypharmacy – GERI Post vaccination teaching Primary prevention – adolescents Primary prevention – WIC Priority – HF lab results Program goal setting Quality Care – nursing home Quality Care – public clinic management Quality health – bicycle safety Rash with fever – PEDI (chicken pox) Ritalin evaluation – adolescent Assessing intervention with ADHD in an adolescent: get their feedback on mprovement, as their self-esteem is priority School age screen (obesity) School nurse role If an adolescent comes to a school nurse and tells her she is pregnant, the nurse will want to implement measures to ensure the teen and her baby are healthy. These things include referral to prenatal care, encouragi ng prenatal vitamins, etc. The nurse will NOT tell the parents and things like arranging childcare or teaching breastfeeding are not something the school nurse will be involved in. screening – DM – PEDI Screening priority Question regarding hypothyroidism and the nurse recognizes that mental ysfunction is a long-term consequence. What is screening priority? Answers included screening for T3 in preschoolers or children (? ), iodine screening in people over 60, TSH in women over 45, and T4 in newborns. The answer is T4 in newborns. Seat belt safety-adolescents Secondary prevention – tobacco Secondary prevention – children Sensitivity of tests Social organization Stakeholder If a community health nurse is going into a community to try to develop or implement an intervention, remember one of the key things he/she must do is form a relationship with someone who would be identified as the stakeholder. Stakeholders will be someone who is invested in the health of the community and will be invested in the program to be implemented. They will be vital in the nurse gaining access into the community, the success of the program, and ensuring the sustainability of the program. STD-Reporting If an adolescent goes to the health dept and is diagnosed with chlamydia, the nurse must report this. It is a reportable disease that is monitored by the state and the CDC, and the disease intervention specialist must be informed to do contact tracing. How to cite Hesi Topics, Papers

The Evolution of Industrialized Workers in Chicago

Before the 1930’s, industrial workers within Chicago lived in isolation. Residing in closely-knit ethnic societies, cultural and racial tension remained manifest amid these communities. The tensions deemed it quite impossible to form working class movements.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Evolution of Industrialized Workers in Chicago specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, in spite of their strong ties to their diverse ethnic groups, the Great Depression established grounds by which industrial workers would unite. In her publication, ‘Making a New Deal: Industrial Workers in Chicago, 1919-1939’, Lizabeth Cohen examines the possibility of the industrial workers to form union movements during the Great Depression in the 1930s. Cohen’s purpose in writing the book Cohen endeavors at examining the possibility of industrial workers to form effectual unions. The book covers the re interpretation of the manner in which industrial workers deeply engaged in the 1930s’ union organizing coercions. She brilliantly outlines the gradual transformation of industrial workers within Chicago portraying why and how they changed. The main purpose in writing this book is to explore how these transformations allowed the industrial workers to be makers of, as well as participants in their New Deal. Hence, she portrays how the working class individuals experienced a gradual transformation in behavior and attitudes between 1920s and 1930s owing to an extensive range of cultural and social experiences. Throughout the edition, Cohen reveals that the evolution was not a simple task, but it was rather complicated. She shows how workers in Chicago had tried in vain to organize permanent unions before 1930 (Cohen 4). To portray clearly that the developments aimed at forming unions were not immediate, she addresses the resistance that the workers faced. Hence, she enables the r eaders to familiarize with the actuality that the developments helped workers unite, and thus the unions endowed them with a logical answer to their problems. Book’s thesis The chief hypothesis in Cohen’s book is evolution of industrialized workers in Chicago for the period between World War I and World War II. Cohen’s principal endeavor is to explore the possibility of the industrial workers to unite in national politics during the mid 1930s. She explicates this when she writes ‘this book is devoted to explaining how it was possible and what it meant for industrial workers to become effective as national political participants in the mid 1930s (5). Organization of material Cohen organizes the material in a sequential manner. She begins by explaining the background information leading to the transformation. She then focuses on the disappointments that workers encountered in 1919, laying her key concern on the barricades to united effort (13).Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More She goes forth to explain the subsequent incapability of the unions to attain a foothold during the succeeding decade. Subsequently, she shows how the working class managed to unite during the Great Depression. The chapters are long enough to incorporate all the vital information. Cohen has organized the material in her book in a manner influential to the audience. To revolve effectively around the thesis, the author incorporates different topics within the chapters. This organization makes the reader explore the theme with imagination and vitality. Equally, she has arranges the chapters in an approach that intertwines the aspects of cultural and ethnic history. Even though each chapter appears independent, it offers information that readers can relate to the preceding and subsequent chapters. Therefore, the entire publication is an interrelationship of ideas and concepts. For instance, the first chapter describes the dreadful fragmentation and failure of a labor movement that emerged after World War I. Then, the subsequent chapters focus on the modifications in the labor movement’s approach and structure as well as policies of the New Deal. They deeply elaborate on the workers’ gradual transformations in behavior and attitudes due to a broad variety of cultural and social experiences. In this context, the organization of material is vital in understanding the book’s theme. It is apparent that readers cannot understand the theme without knowing how the industrial worker’s lives changed over time. Methodologies Cohen focuses on political, social, and cultural history within the twentieth century to explore how the working class people’s cultural and social characteristics and experiences formed their political points of reference. The Marxist theory guides Cohen in writing this edition. She finds ethnic ide ntities that have been subverted by patterns of class-consciousness and mass consumption. Equally, the book bases on capitalism, revolving around the working class populations. Primary sources Cohen derives information from an outstanding assortment of primary sources explicitly advertising memoranda, private papers, radio scripts, company archives, and commercial and banking documentations. Equally, she backs her points with evidence from industrial workers’ manuscripts and letters. She emphasizes that there is a prime need to consider the workers perceptions in making the historical analysis to make a full assessment of the limitations and strengths of workers’ incorporation into American politics (5). Moreover, she has explored expansively through the rich archives to endow the readers with brilliant insight into the lives of the industrial workers. She has used a broad array of sources to show the interrelationship between different episodes.Advertising We wil l write a custom term paper sample on The Evolution of Industrialized Workers in Chicago specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The interrelationship provides a detailed picture of the life of industrial workers in the 1930s and the preceding period. The use of diverse sources helps Cohen accomplish her chief objective in exploring the cultural and social transformation among the industrial workers that enabled their involvement in the CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations). Similarly, the sources offer a considerable contribution to the readers’ understanding of American history during the era between World War I and World War II. Moreover, they assist the author in proving her overall point, which assets that apart from jogging around historical tides, industrial workers were mediators of their fortune during an era that opened with dismay and ended in potency. The subfield of history to which the book belongs This publication belongs to a subfield of history known as American history. The book dwells exclusively on American history. It links historical materialism to American progressivism. It bases entirely on occurrences in Chicago, a metropolitan city in America. It has managed to create a mental picture of the culture in Chicago between 1920s and 1930s and beyond. In this context, the book offers a clear view of American history for the era between World War I and World War II. How well the author’s purpose is accomplished Cohen’s work is insightful, engaging, and wide-ranging. It has provided a novel way of looking into an old era and old problems. Cohen has successfully bridged the systematic barricades between industrial workers’ community and political experiences, and the quiet 1920s. Cohen has moved flawlessly from labor history to ethnic history, and then to cultural history devoid of losing the reader. She has included illustrations such as charts and figures in her publi cation to augment readers’ understanding of the concepts. Cohen’s work is well done allowing the reader to create a mental image of all the occurrences among industrial workers in Chicago for the era between 1920s and 1930s. Cohen has realized a logical and convincing explanation for the loyalty of the working class to the New Deal and the CIO. The major strength of the book is the author’s ability to move the readers from the overall range of predicaments to the new era. Accordingly, the reader can efficiently relate how the industrial workers problems paved way to their ability to form unions. On the other hand, Cohen’s book has some limitations. To begin with, she has paid very negligible attention to the workers who were outside the CIO. Moreover, she concludes the book at an odd timing. The book ends when the splendor moment of organizing created way for the imminent ambiguous decades. Cohen’s piece of writing is a hefty and remarkable work. I t marks an enormous achievement in American history. Ultimately, I deem that the abundance in Cohen’s book makes it a valuable resource for research libraries as well as a helpful item in academic collections. Indeed, readers who are curious about the subjects on mass culture, ethnicity, and American politics ought to read this book, as they must discover something stimulating in it.Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The book is particularly appropriate for people interested in working class affiliation to organized labor. Additionally, most chapters within Cohen’s publication could form a basis for other author’s works. For instance, authors can draw useful ideas from the chapters Encountering Mass Culture, Adrift in the Great Depression, Workers make a New Deal, and Workers Common Ground. Bibliography Cohen, Lizabeth. Making A New Deal: Industrial Workers In Chicago, 1919-1939. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Print. This term paper on The Evolution of Industrialized Workers in Chicago was written and submitted by user Evie M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.